What does the term “effluent” refer to in wastewater treatment?

The term "effluent" specifically refers to the treated water that is discharged from a wastewater treatment plant. This water is the result of various treatment processes designed to remove contaminants and make the water suitable for discharge into the environment, such as rivers, lakes, or even for reuse. Effluent is characterized by its compliance with regulatory standards for water quality, ensuring it does not harm the environment or public health. Understanding the significance of effluent is crucial, as it represents the final product of the treatment process that has undergone various stages, including primary treatment, secondary treatment, and sometimes tertiary treatment, depending on the facility and local regulations.