Which of the following processes is utilized to promote the growth of microorganisms in wastewater treatment?

Aeration is a critical process in wastewater treatment that promotes the growth of microorganisms. During aeration, air is introduced into the wastewater, creating conditions that facilitate the oxidation of organic matter. This process supports aerobic bacteria, which require oxygen to thrive and effectively break down pollutants in the wastewater. The presence of oxygen enhances biological activity, allowing these microorganisms to flourish, consume organic substances, and improve the overall treatment efficiency.

In contrast, flocculation and coagulation are primarily physical/chemical processes used to clump suspended particles for easier removal, rather than promoting microbial growth. Filtration is a separation process intended to remove particles and microorganisms from the treated water, rather than encouraging their proliferation. Therefore, aeration distinctly serves the vital role of fostering a suitable environment for microbial life, which is essential for successful biological wastewater treatment.